45 Colt vs. 45 Long Colt: Understanding the Differences and History
The terms “45 Colt” and “45 Long Colt” often cause confusion among firearm enthusiasts and historians alike. While seemingly interchangeable, understanding the subtle yet significant differences between these cartridges is crucial for anyone interested in the history of firearms, particularly those of the American West. This article aims to clarify the distinctions between the 45 Colt and the somewhat misnamed “45 Long Colt,” delving into their origins, specifications, and historical context. We’ll explore how the 45 Colt cartridge rose to prominence and address the common misconceptions surrounding the “45 Long Colt” designation.
The Origins of the 45 Colt
The 45 Colt, officially known as the .45 Colt, was developed in 1872 for the Colt Single Action Army revolver, also known as the Peacemaker. This iconic firearm played a significant role in the settling of the American West, and the 45 Colt cartridge became synonymous with the era. Designed as a powerful and effective man-stopper, the 45 Colt quickly gained a reputation for its accuracy and stopping power. The original 45 Colt cartridge featured a copper case and was loaded with black powder, propelling a lead bullet with considerable force. Its design was a direct response to the need for a reliable and potent sidearm for soldiers, lawmen, and civilians alike.
The Misnomer: 45 Long Colt
The term “45 Long Colt” is, technically speaking, a misnomer. There was never an officially designated cartridge called the “45 Long Colt” by Colt or any ammunition manufacturer. The confusion arises from the existence of a shorter cartridge, the .45 Schofield, also known as the .45 Smith & Wesson. The .45 Schofield was adopted by the U.S. Army alongside the .45 Colt. The .45 Schofield was shorter than the .45 Colt, making it easier to reload quickly in the Schofield revolver. Soldiers were issued both revolvers and ammunition, creating logistical problems. To simplify matters, the Army decided to use the .45 Schofield round in both the Colt and Schofield revolvers. However, the .45 Colt could not be used in the Schofield revolver because it was too long. Consequently, people began referring to the original .45 Colt as the “45 Long Colt” to differentiate it from the shorter .45 Schofield cartridge. This distinction, though not technically accurate, stuck in popular parlance.
Technical Specifications and Differences
While the term “45 Long Colt” is a misnomer, understanding the dimensions and specifications of the .45 Colt and .45 Schofield is essential. The .45 Colt typically has a case length of 1.285 inches, while the .45 Schofield has a shorter case length of 1.1 inches. This difference in length is the primary reason why the .45 Colt could not be used in the .45 Schofield revolver. Bullet weights for both cartridges generally range from 225 to 255 grains, though variations exist. The .45 Colt, due to its larger case capacity, could be loaded with more black powder, resulting in slightly higher velocities and energy compared to the .45 Schofield, although modern loadings often equalize performance.
Historical Context and Usage
The 45 Colt’s historical significance cannot be overstated. Its widespread use in the American West cemented its place in firearm history. Lawmen like Wyatt Earp and Doc Holliday famously carried Colt Single Action Army revolvers chambered in 45 Colt, further enhancing its legendary status. The cartridge saw action in numerous conflicts, including the Indian Wars and various skirmishes throughout the late 19th century. While the .45 Schofield offered faster reloading, the 45 Colt’s perceived superior power and range made it a favorite among those who preferred a more potent sidearm. The 45 Colt remains popular today, with many modern revolvers and even some lever-action rifles chambered in this classic cartridge. The 45 Colt is often used in Cowboy Action Shooting events, a testament to its enduring appeal and historical significance.
Modern Applications of the 45 Colt
Despite its age, the 45 Colt remains a viable cartridge for various applications. Modern ammunition manufacturers produce a wide range of 45 Colt loads, including those designed for self-defense, hunting, and target shooting. While the original black powder loadings are still available for historical reenactments and traditional shooting, modern smokeless powders allow for higher velocities and improved performance. The 45 Colt is a popular choice for handgun hunting, particularly for medium-sized game like deer and wild hogs. Its relatively low recoil and manageable ballistics make it a suitable option for shooters of all skill levels. Furthermore, the 45 Colt’s versatility extends to lever-action rifles, providing a potent combination for close to medium-range shooting. The combination of a 45 Colt revolver and a lever-action rifle chambered in the same caliber offers a practical and historically inspired firearm pairing. [See also: Best Cartridges for Hunting Deer]
The Legacy of the 45 Colt
The 45 Colt’s legacy extends far beyond its technical specifications and historical usage. It represents a pivotal era in American history, a time of westward expansion, lawlessness, and the iconic image of the cowboy. The 45 Colt has been immortalized in countless Western films, novels, and television shows, solidifying its place in popular culture. The enduring appeal of the 45 Colt lies in its simplicity, reliability, and undeniable stopping power. While the term “45 Long Colt” may be a misnomer, it serves as a reminder of the historical context and the evolution of firearm technology. The 45 Colt continues to be celebrated by firearm enthusiasts and historians alike, ensuring that its legacy will endure for generations to come. The 45 Colt remains a symbol of the American West, a testament to the ingenuity and practicality of firearm design. [See also: History of Revolvers]
Clearing Up Common Misconceptions
One of the most common misconceptions is that the “45 Long Colt” is a more powerful version of the .45 Colt. In reality, the term simply arose to differentiate the .45 Colt from the shorter .45 Schofield. Modern ammunition loadings for the .45 Colt often exceed the performance of the original black powder rounds, but this is due to advancements in propellant technology, not because the cartridge itself is inherently more powerful. Another misconception is that the .45 Colt is obsolete. While it may not be as widely used as some more modern cartridges, the .45 Colt remains a viable option for various shooting applications, thanks to its versatility and manageable recoil. Furthermore, the availability of modern ammunition and firearms chambered in .45 Colt ensures that it will remain a popular choice for years to come. [See also: Modern Ammunition Types]
Conclusion
In conclusion, while the term “45 Long Colt” is technically inaccurate, it serves as a historical marker, distinguishing the original .45 Colt cartridge from the shorter .45 Schofield. The 45 Colt, with its rich history and enduring appeal, remains a significant part of firearm history. Understanding the nuances between these cartridges and their historical context is essential for anyone interested in the evolution of firearms and the legacy of the American West. The 45 Colt, whether referred to as the “45 Long Colt” or simply the .45 Colt, continues to be celebrated for its reliability, stopping power, and historical significance. From its origins as a sidearm for soldiers and lawmen to its modern-day applications in hunting and target shooting, the 45 Colt has proven its versatility and staying power. The 45 Colt’s legacy is secure, ensuring its continued presence in the world of firearms for years to come. The 45 Colt truly represents a piece of American history, a tangible link to the past that continues to resonate with firearm enthusiasts today. The distinction between the 45 Colt and the misnamed “45 Long Colt” is a crucial detail for anyone studying the history of firearms. [See also: Firearm Safety Tips]
